Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) may be a personal analysis university in Stanford, California, and one among the world's leading academic establishments, with the highest position in various rankings and measures within the us.
Stanford was supported in 1885 by Leland Stanford, former Governor of and U.S. legislator from Calif. and leading railroad king, and his married person, Jane Lathrop Stanford, in memory of their solely kid; Leland Stanford, Jr. World Health Organization had died of typhoid at age fifteen the previous year. Stanford admitted its 1st students on Oct one, 1891 as a co-ed and non-denominational establishment. Tuition was free till 1920. The university struggled financially when Leland Stanford's 1893 death and once more when a lot of the field was broken by the 1906 port of entry earthquake. Following war II, academic administrator town Term an supported college and graduates' entrepreneurialism to create independent native trade in what would later be referred to as geographic region. By 1970, Stanford was home to a particle accelerator, and was one among the first four ARPANET nodes (precursor to the Internet).
The main field is found in northern city vale adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and port of entry. Different holdings, like laboratories, and nature reserves, area unit situated outside the most field. Its 8,180-acre (3,310 ha) field is one among the biggest within the us. The university is additionally one among the highest fundraising establishments within the country, turning into the primary faculty to boost over a billion greenbacks in a very year.
Stanford's tutorial strength is broad with forty departments within the 3 tutorial colleges that have college boy students and another four skilled colleges. Students contend in thirty six varsity sports, and also the university is one among 2 personal establishments in the Division I FBS Pacific-12 Conference. It gained 107 NCAA team championships, the second-most for a university, 476 individual championships, the foremost in Division I, and has won the NACDA Directors' Cup, recognizing the university with the most effective overall athletic team action, each year since 1994-1995.
Stanford College and alumni have supported several corporations as well as Google, Hewlett-Packard, Nike, Sun Microsystems, Instagramand Yahoo!, and firms supported by Stanford alumni generate over $2.7 trillion in annual revenue, appreciate the 10th-largest economy within the world. It’s the school of thirty living billionaires, seventeen astronauts, and eighteen Alan Matheson Turing Award laureates. It’s conjointly one among the leading producers of members of the us Congress. The University has related with fifty nine Alfred Nobel laureates and a couple of Fields Medalists (when awarded).
Foundation
Stanford was supported by Leland Stanford, a railroad businessman, U.S. senator, and former Calif. governor, in conjunction with his married person, Jane Lathrop Stanford. it's named in honor of their solely kid, Leland Stanford, Jr., World Health Organization died in 1884 from typhoid simply before his sixteenth birthday. His oldsters determined to dedicate a university to their solely son, and Leland Stanford told his married person, "The kids of Calif. shall be our kids." The Stanford’s visited Harvard's president, Charles Eliot, and asked whether or not he ought to establish a university, tech or deposit. Eliot replied that he ought to found a university and an endowment of $5 million would do (in 1884 dollars; concerning $132 million today).
Leland Stanford, the university's founder, as painted by Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier in 1881 and currently on show at the Cantor Center
The university's introduction Grant of Endowment from the Stanford’s was issued in Gregorian calendar month 1885. Besides process the operational structure of the university, it created many specific stipulations:
"The Trustees ... shall have the facility and it shall be their duty:
• To establish and maintain at such University an academic system, which will, if followed, match the graduate for a few helpful pursuit, and to the current finish to cause the pupils, as simply as could also be, to declare the actual line, which, in life, they'll want to pursue;
• To proscribe sectarian instruction, however to own tutored within the University the immortality of the soul, the existence of AN all-wise and benevolent Creator, which obedience to His laws is that the highest duty of man.
• To have tutored within the University the correct and benefits of association and co-operation.
• To afford equal facilities and provides equal benefits within the University to each sexes.
• To maintain on the Palo Alto estate a farm for instruction in agriculture altogether its branches."
Though the trustee’s area unit in overall charge of the university, Leland and Jane Stanford as Founders maintained nice management till their deaths.
Despite the duty to own a co-educational establishment in 1899 Jane Stanford, the remaining Founder, value-added to the introduction Grant the legal demand that "the variety of girls attending the University as students shall at no time ever exceed 5 hundred". She feared the massive numbers of girls coming into would lead the varsity to become "the Vassar of the West" And felt that may not be an acceptable memorial for her son. In 1933 the necessity was reinterpreted by the trustees to specify AN college boy male: female quantitative relation of 3:1. The "Stanford ratio" of 3:1 remained in situ till the first Nineteen Sixties. By the late Nineteen Sixties the "ratio" was concerning 2:1 for undergraduates, however way more inclined at the graduate level, except within the humanities. In 1973 the University trustees with success petitioned the courts to own the restriction formally removed. As of 2014 the college boy enrollment is split nearly equally between the sexes (47.2% women, 52.8% men), the' males come females (38.2% women, 61.8% men) at the graduate level. Within the same petition they conjointly removed the prohibition of sectarian worship on field (previous solely non-denominational Christian worship in Stanford Memorial Church was permitted).
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