Princeton University

Princeton University could be a personal Ivy League analysis university in Princeton, New Jersey, u.  s.. based in 1746 inElizabeth because the school of recent Jersey, Princeton was the fourth chartered  establishment of upper education within the 13 Colonies and therefore one amongst the 9 Colonial faculties established before the War of American Independence. The establishment captive to Newark in 1747, then to the present web site 9 years later, wherever it absolutely was renamed Princeton in 1896.

Princeton provides collegian and graduate instruction within the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. It offers skilled degrees through the Wilson faculty of Public and world affairs, the varsity of Engineering and field, the varsity of design and also the Blenheim Center for Finance. The University has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton system of rules Seminary, and also the Westminster Choir school of Rider University. Princeton has the largest endowment per student within the u.  s., with a $22.7 billion endowment reaching $2.8 million per student. The university conjointly has the foremost successful athletic program within the Ivy League and traditionally one amongst the foremost successful nationwide, most notably for establishing the primary extramural contact sport. 

The University has graduated several notable alumni. it's been related to forty one chemist laureates, seventeen National honor of Science winners, the foremost Abel Prize winners and Fields Medalists of any university (four and eight, respectively), 10 Alan Matheson Turing Award laureates, 5 National Humanities honor recipients and 208 Rhodes students. Two U.S. Presidents, 12 U.S. Supreme Court Justices (three of whom presently serve on the court), and various living billionaires and foreign heads of state square measure all counted among Princeton's alumni. Princeton has conjointly graduated several distinguished members of the U.S. Congress and also the U.S. Cabinet, together with eight Secretaries of State, 3 Secretaries of Defense, and 2 of the past four Chairs of the FRS. Further, Princeton has created additional technical school CEOs than the other university, together with the present CEOs of Amazon, Hewlett-Packard, and Google. as a result of its history, wealth, and alumni success, Princeton is systematically stratified together of the foremost prestigious universities within the world.

History

Main article: History of Princeton

A commemorating 3-cent stamp from 1953 celebrating the bicentennial of Nassau Hall

New lightweight Presbyterians based the faculty of recent Jersey in 1746 so as to coach ministers. The faculty was the tutorial and spiritual capital of Scots-Irish America. In 1754, trustees of the faculty of recent Jersey recommended that, in recognition of Governor's interest, Princeton ought to be named as Belcher school. Gov. Dessert apple Belcher replied: "What a hell of name that may be!" In 1756, the faculty captive to Princeton, New Jersey. Its zero in Princeton was national capital Hall, named for the royalty of Orange-Nassau of William III of England.

Following the untimely deaths of Princeton's initial 5 presidents, educator American Revolutionary leader educator pedagogue} became president in 1768 and remained in this workplace till his death in 1794. Throughout his presidency, pedagogue shifted the college's focus from coaching ministers to making ready a replacement generation for leadership within the new yank nation. To the present finish, he tightened educational standards and invited investment within the school. Witherspoon's presidency grooved a protracted amount of stability for the faculty, interrupted by the War of American Independence and significantly the Battle of Princeton, throughout those British troopers concisely occupied national capital Hall; yank forces, diode by President Washington, discharged cannon on the building to rout them from it.

John Witherspoon, President of the faculty (1768-94), signer of the Declaration of Independence

In 1812, the eighth president the faculty of recent Jersey, ashbin inexperienced (1812–23), helped establish the Princeton system of rules Seminary adjacent. The attempt to extend the system of rules info met with "enthusiastic approval on the part of the authorities at the faculty of recent Jersey”. Today, Princeton and Princeton system of rules Seminary maintain separate establishments with ties that embody services like cross-registration and mutual library access.

Before the development of Stanhope Hall in 1803, national capital Hall was the college's sole building. The cornerstone of the building was set on September 17, 1754. Throughout the summer of 1783, the congress met in national capital Hall, creating Princeton the country's capital for four months. Over the centuries and thru 2 redesigns following major fires (1802 and 1855), national capital Hall's role shifted from associate general building, comprising workplace, dormitory, library, and schoolroom house; to schoolroom space exclusively; to its gift role because the place of job of the University. The category of 1879 given twin lion sculptures that flanked the doorway till 1911, once that very same category replaced them with tigers. National capital Hall's bell rang when the hall's construction; but, the hearth of 1802 melted it. The bell was then recast and melted once more within the hearth of 1855.